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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0623\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645: \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f 8116 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a– \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 249183226776 249150576050<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f: 21\/7\/1944\u0645<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f: \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0631- \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0669\u0665-\u0661\u0669\u0665\u0664: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0669\u0665\u0664-\u0661\u0669\u0665\u0668: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0669\u0665\u0668-\u0661\u0669\u0666\u0662: \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0669\u0666\u0662-\u0661\u0669\u0666\u0664:\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0669\u0666\u0664-\u0661\u0669\u0666\u0667: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0669\u0666\u0668-\u0661\u0669\u0667\u0662: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0669\u0667\u0665-\u0661\u0669\u0667\u0668: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a<\/p>\n

1967 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a-\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/p>\n

1964 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637-\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n

1962 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0669\u0668\u0666 : \u0645\u0646\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629(\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (2007-1967)<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629-\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u062f<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642\u060c<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (1997 -1981):<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a -\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a -\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627)<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 (\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646).<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0639\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642) \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (2020\u0645 \u2013 2030\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0643<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.) \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (UN-REDD) \u0628\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a (REDD+) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\/\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646-\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a-\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2018<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646-\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a-\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1991 \u2013 1997):<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1997 \u0627\u064f\u0646\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0650\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1993 \u0627\u064f\u0646\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0650\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0628\u0627 \u2013 \u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2000 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (40) \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \/ 2005.<\/p>\n

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\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a-\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a-\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c)<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 10 24 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1994. \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. 1995<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 11-12) \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646– \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1550 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2022. \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (ERF). 21-\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 www.erf.org.eg.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n

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